Selected articles from Info Călan’s main sections, published in English.
The Rise of Printing and the Origins of the European Press
The introduction of printing in Europe transformed the way ideas, knowledge, and information circulated. Before the 15th century, books were copied by hand, mainly in monasteries or workshops in towns and cities.…
The emergence of news agencies
The emergence of news agencies was closely linked to the economic, technological, and social changes of the 19th century. The Industrial Revolution brought rapid growth in cities, trade, and financial markets. Newspaper…
Acta Diurna: A Precursor to Modern Newspapers
“Acta Diurna”, a Latin expression meaning “events of the day”, are regarded by historians of communication as the earliest organized form of regular public reporting. They first appeared in Rome in 59…
The Daily Courant: Britain’s First Daily Newspaper, Published in London in 1702
“The Daily Courant”, considered Britain's first daily newspaper, was launched in London in 1702. Its first issue appeared on March 11, 1702, published by Elizabeth Mallet, a printer and publisher based near…
“Relation”: The First Regularly Published Printed Newspaper, Founded in Strasbourg in 1605
Before the launch of his printed newspaper, Johann Carolus earned his living writing and copying newsletters by hand for wealthy subscribers. The information came through networks of correspondents and postal services, which…
The History of Newspapers: From Acta Diurna to the Early Printed Press
The history of newspapers begins with forms of public communication that existed long before the spread of printing in Europe. In ancient Rome, the “Acta Diurna” were introduced in 59 BCE under…
The Legend of the Sun and the Moon
The legend of the Sun and the Moon has many variations, depending on the culture and region in which it is told. One popular version tells the story of their love and…
The Chupacabra: Origins of the Legend, Early Sightings, and Scientific Explanations
The Chupacabra is one of the best-known creatures in modern folklore. The legend took shape in Puerto Rico in 1995, following reports of domestic animals found dead under unusual circumstances. Within months,…
The Loch Ness Monster: Origins of the Legend, Famous Photographs and What Research Shows
The Loch Ness Monster, commonly known as “Nessie”, is a mysterious creature said to inhabit Loch Ness, a freshwater lake in the Scottish Highlands. The modern legend gained widespread attention in 1933,…
Boji, the Travelling Dog from Istanbul: How He Rode the Metro, Trams and Ferries on His Own
Boji is a stray dog who became well known in 2021 after Istanbul residents noticed him using public transport on his own. He travelled by metro, tram and ferry, and monitoring by…
Max, the Romanian Army’s Hero Dog: Two Missions in Afghanistan and the Case That Changed the Rules for Military Dogs
Max was a German Shepherd serving with the Romanian Army. Born in 2009 and trained to detect explosives, he took part in two missions in Afghanistan alongside Staff Sergeant Valentin Roșioara. After…
Blondi, Adolf Hitler’s Dog: Her Final Years and Death in the Führerbunker
Blondi was Adolf Hitler’s German Shepherd from 1941 until 1945 and remained with him throughout the final months of the Second World War. In April 1945, as Soviet troops closed in on…